SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Engine block</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Engine block</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<p>In an <a href="Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engine</a>, the <b>engine block</b> is the structure that contains the <a href="Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">cylinders</a> and other components. The engine block in an early automotive engine consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate <a href="Crankcase" title="Crankcase">crankcase</a> was attached. Modern engine blocks typically have the crankcase integrated with the cylinder block as a single component. Engine blocks often also include elements such as <a href="Internal_combustion_engine_cooling#Liquid_cooling" title="Internal combustion engine cooling">coolant</a> passages and <a href="Motor_oil" title="Motor oil">oil</a> galleries.

</p><p>The term "cylinder block" is often used interchangeably with "engine block". However, technically, the block of a modern engine (i.e., multiple cylinders integrated with another component) would be classified as a <a href="Monobloc_engine" title="Monobloc engine">monobloc</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2></div>

<p>The main structure of an engine typically consists of the <a href="Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">cylinders</a>, coolant passages, oil galleries, crankcase, and <a href="Cylinder_head" title="Cylinder head">cylinder head(s)</a>. The first production engines of the 1880s to 1920s usually used separate components for each element, which were bolted together during engine assembly. Modern engines, however, often combine many elements into a single component to reduce production costs.

</p><p>The evolution from separate components to monobloc engine blocks has gradually progressed since the early 20th century. The integration of elements has relied on the development of <a href="Foundry" title="Foundry">foundry</a> and <a href="Machining" title="Machining">machining</a> techniques. For example, a practical, low-cost V8 engine was not feasible until Ford developed the methods used to build its <a href="Ford_flathead_V8_engine" title="Ford flathead V8 engine">flathead V8 engine</a>. Other manufacturers then applied those techniques to their engines.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cylinder_block">Cylinder block</h3></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Cylinder blocks for a <a href="Straight-six_engine" title="Straight-six engine">straight-6</a> engine</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Marine engine with cylinders cast in three pairs</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Cylinders cast in two blocks of three</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Cylinders cast in a single block of six, with an integrated crankcase (turbocharger in background)</div></div></div></div></div>

<p>A cylinder block is a structure that contains the <a href="Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">cylinder</a>, plus any <a href="Cylinder_(engine)#Cylinder_sleeving" title="Cylinder (engine)">cylinder sleeves</a> and coolant passages. In the earliest decades of internal combustion engine development, cylinders were usually cast individually, so cylinder blocks were usually produced separately for each cylinder. Following that, engines began to combine two or three cylinders into a single-cylinder block, with an engine combining several of these cylinder blocks.

</p><p>In early engines with multiple cylinder banks – such as <a href="V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6</a>, <a href="V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a>, or <a href="Flat-six_engine" title="Flat-six engine">flat-6</a> engines – each bank was typically made of one or multiple separate cylinder blocks. Since the 1930s, mass production methods have developed to allow both banks of cylinders to be integrated into the same cylinder block.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cylinder_liners">Cylinder liners</h3></div>

<p><a href="Wet_liner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet liner">Wet liner</a> cylinder blocks use cylinder walls that are entirely removable and fit into the block using special gaskets. They are called "wet liners" because their outer sides come in direct contact with the engine's coolant. In other words, the liner is the entire cylinder wall, rather than merely a sleeve.

</p><p>The advantages of wet liners are a lower mass, reduced space requirements, and coolant being heated faster from a cold start, reducing start-up fuel consumption and heating the car cabin sooner.

</p><p><a href="Dry_liner" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry liner">Dry liner</a> cylinder blocks use either the block's material or a discrete liner inserted into the block to form the backbone of the cylinder wall. Additional sleeves are inserted within, which remain "dry" outside, surrounded by the block's material.

</p><p>For either wet or dry liner designs, the liners (or sleeves) can be replaced, potentially allowing an engine overhaul or rebuild without replacing the block itself. However, there are more practical repair options.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coolant_and_oil_passages">Coolant and oil passages</h3></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Internal_combustion_engine_cooling" title="Internal combustion engine cooling">Internal combustion engine cooling</a> and <a href="Oil_pump_(internal_combustion_engine)" title="Oil pump (internal combustion engine)">Oil pump (internal combustion engine)</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crankcase">Crankcase</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Crankcase" title="Crankcase">Crankcase</a></div>

<p>The crankcase is the structure that houses the <a href="Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">crankshaft</a>. As with cylinder blocks, this is primarily an integrated component in modern engines.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Materials">Materials</h3></div>

<p>Engine blocks are typically cast from either <a href="Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> or an <a href="Aluminium_alloy" title="Aluminium alloy">aluminium alloy</a>. Aluminium blocks are much lighter and transfer heat more effectively to coolant, but iron blocks retain some advantages, such as durability and reduced <a href="Thermal_expansion" title="Thermal expansion">thermal expansion</a>.

</p><p><b>Weight reductions through material selection</b>. Presently, most of the engine blocks in mass production are gray castings. Reducing weight has resulted in using aluminum-silicon alloys more frequently for the engine block in small-displacement engines. Engine blocks of comparable design, but using Al-Si alloys, are not lighter than cast iron engine blocks in the same ratio as that for the specific weights of the materials.

</p><p>In engine blocks made of gray cast iron, weight can be reduced by optimizing the structure and thin-wall casting. With this casting technique, a wall thickness of as little as about 3 mm is generally possible. In comparison, the walls of cast iron engine blocks are usually from 4.0 to 5.5 mm thick.

</p><p>Using vermicular graphite cast iron (GGV), a casting material with great strength, enables weight reductions by about 30% compared to conventional casting materials such as GG 25. Weight reduction, to this extent, requires engineering for the engine block, taking into account the particular needs of the material.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monoblocs">Monoblocs</h2></div>

<p>An engine where all the cylinders share a common block is called a <a href="Monobloc_engine" title="Monobloc engine">monobloc engine</a>. Most modern engines use a monobloc design, and few have a separate block for each cylinder. This has led to the term "engine block," which usually implies a monobloc design, with "monobloc" rarely used.

</p><p>In the early years of the internal combustion engine, <a href="Casting" title="Casting">casting</a> technology couldn't produce large castings with complex <a href="Core_(manufacturing)" title="Core (manufacturing)">internal cores</a> (for <a href="Water_jacket" title="Water jacket">water jackets</a> etc). Most early engines, particularly those with more than four cylinders, had their cylinders cast as pairs or triplets of cylinders, then bolted to a separate crankcase.

</p><p>As casting techniques improved, an entire cylinder block of 4, 6, or 8 cylinders could be produced in one piece. This monobloc construction was more straightforward and more cost-effective to produce. All the cylinders and crankcase could be made in a single component for <a href="Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">straight engine</a> cylinder layouts. One of the early engines produced using this method is the 4-cylinder engine in the <a href="Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Ford Model T</a>, introduced in 1908. The technique spread to <a href="Straight-six_engine" title="Straight-six engine">straight-six engines</a> and was commonly used by the mid-1920s.

</p><p>Up until the 1930s, most <a href="V_engine" title="V engine">V engines</a> retained a separate block casting for each cylinder bank, with both bolted onto a common crankcase (itself a separate casting). For economy, some engines were designed to use identical castings for each bank, left and right.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludvigsen_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 120">: 120 </span></sup> A rare exception was the <a href="Lancia" title="Lancia">Lancia</a> 22½° narrow-angle <a href="V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12</a> of 1919, which used a single block casting combining both banks.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludvigsen_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 50–53">: 50–53 </span></sup> The <a href="Ford_flathead_V8_engine" title="Ford flathead V8 engine">Ford flathead V8</a> – introduced in 1932 – represented a significant development in the production of affordable V engines. It was the first V8 engine with a single-engine block casting, putting a V8 into an affordable car for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-Sorensen1956pp225-231_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorensen1956pp225-231-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The communal water jacket of monobloc designs permitted closer spacing between cylinders. The monobloc design approach also improved engines' <a href="Stiffness" title="Stiffness">torsional rigidity</a> as cylinder numbers, engine lengths, and power ratings increased.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integrated_cylinder_block_and_crankcase">Integrated cylinder block and crankcase</h3></div>

<p>Most engine blocks today, except some unusual V or radial engines and large marine engines, use a monobloc design with one block for all cylinders plus an integrated crankcase. In such cases, the skirts of the cylinder banks form a crankcase area of sorts, which is still often called a crankcase despite no longer being a discrete part.

</p><p>Using steel cylinder liners and <a href="Main_bearing" title="Main bearing">bearing</a> shells minimizes the effect of the relative softness of aluminium. Some engine designs use <a href="Plasma_transferred_wire_arc_thermal_spraying" title="Plasma transferred wire arc thermal spraying">plasma transferred wire arc thermal spraying</a>, instead of cylinder sleeves, to further reduce weight. These types of engines can also be made of <a href="Compacted_graphite_iron" title="Compacted graphite iron">compacted graphite iron</a>, such as in some diesel engines.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integrated_cylinder_block_and_head">Integrated cylinder block and head</h3></div>

<div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Integrated cylinder head engines</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="DB_605" class="mw-redirect" title="DB 605">DB 605</a> V12 aircraft engine</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Honda GX 160 engine in a ride-on lawnmower</div></div></div></div></div>

<p>Some modern consumer-grade <a href="Small_engine" title="Small engine">small engines</a> use a monobloc design where the cylinder head, block, and half of the crankcase share the same casting. Apart from cost, one reason for this is to produce an overall lower engine height. The primary disadvantage can be that repairs become more time-consuming and impractical.

</p><p>An example of engines with integrated cylinder heads are the Honda <a href="List_of_Honda_engines#Power_equipment" title="List of Honda engines">GC</a>-series and GXV-series engines, which are sometimes called "Uniblock" by Honda.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integrated_crankcase_and_transmission">Integrated crankcase and transmission</h3></div>

<p>Several cars with <a href="Transverse_engine" title="Transverse engine">transverse engines</a> have used an engine block consisting of an integrated <a href="Transmission_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (mechanics)">transmission</a> and crankcase. Cars that have used this arrangement include the 1966-1973 <a href="Lamborghini_Miura" title="Lamborghini Miura">Lamborghini Miura</a><sup id="cite_ref-netcarshow.com_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netcarshow.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and cars using the BMC <a href="BMC_A-series_engine" title="BMC A-series engine">A-series</a> and <a href="BMC_E-series_engine" title="BMC E-series engine">E-series</a> engines.<sup id="cite_ref-aronline.co.uk_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aronline.co.uk-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ateupwithmotor.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ateupwithmotor.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This design often results in the engine and transmission sharing the same oil.

</p><p>Motorcycles such as the <a href="Honda_CB750" class="mw-redirect" title="Honda CB750">Honda CB750</a> use a similar layout, with the cylinder block and crankcase integrated with part of the transmission.

</p><p>Many farm <a href="Tractor" title="Tractor">tractor</a> designs integrate the cylinder block, crankcase, transmission, and rear axle into a single unit. An early example is the <a href="Fordson" title="Fordson">Fordson</a> tractor.

</p>

<li><a href="Cylinder_head" title="Cylinder head">Cylinder head</a></li>

<li><a href="Head_gasket" title="Head gasket">Head gasket</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_auto_parts" title="List of auto parts">List of auto parts</a></li>

<li><a href="Automobile_engine_replacement#Short_block" title="Automobile engine replacement">Automobile engine replacement § Short block</a></li>

<li><a href="Automobile_engine_replacement#Long_block" title="Automobile engine replacement">Automobile engine replacement § Long block</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studedu.org/s1396t1.html">"Minimizing Engine Block Mass"</a>. <i>studedu.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-14</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Rankin_Kennedy,_Modern_Engines,_Vol_III,_De_Dion-Bouton-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankin_Kennedy,_Modern_Engines,_Vol_III,_De_Dion-Bouton_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="Rankin_Kennedy,_Modern_Engines,_Vol_III" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Rankin (1912). <i>The De Dion-Bouton Engine and Cars</i>. The Book of Modern Engines and Power Generators. London: Caxton. pp. <span class="nowrap">78–</span>89.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Ludvigsen-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ludvigsen_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ludvigsen_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLudvigsen2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Karl_Ludvigsen" title="Karl Ludvigsen">Ludvigsen, Karl</a> (2005). <i>The V12 Engine</i>. Haynes Publishing. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-84425-004-0</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Sorensen1956pp225-231-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sorensen1956pp225-231_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSorensenWilliamson1956" class="citation book cs1">Sorensen, Charles E.; Williamson, Samuel T. (1956). <i>My Forty Years with Ford</i>. New York: Norton. pp. <span class="nowrap">225–</span>231. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780814332795</bdi>.</cite> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2012" class="citation news cs1">Brooks, Robert (January 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foundrymag.com/materials/navistar-now-producing-engine-blocks-heads-cgi">"Navistar Now Producing Engine Blocks, Heads in CGI"</a>. <i>Foundry Management & Technology</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127185645/http://perr.com/honda.html">"Honda General Purpose Engines: GC Series - Single Cylinder"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perr.com/honda.html">the original</a> on 2010-11-27.</cite> Includes sectioned drawings</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-netcarshow.com-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-netcarshow.com_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.netcarshow.com/lamborghini/1971-miura_sv/">"Lamborghini Miura SV (1971)"</a>. <i>www.netcarshow.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-aronline.co.uk-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aronline.co.uk_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aronline.co.uk/facts-and-figures/engines/engines-h-and-k-series-prototypes/">"H and K-Series prototypes: BL's first attempt at replacing the A-Series"</a>. <i>www.aronline.co.uk</i>. 22 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ateupwithmotor.com-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ateupwithmotor.com_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ateupwithmotor.com/model-histories/original-mini-history/">"Tiny and Triumphant: The Morris / Austin Mini"</a>. <i>www.ateupwithmotor.com</i>. 1 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internal_combustion_engine562" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Internal_combustion_engine562" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">Internal combustion engine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Part of the <a href="Car" title="Car">Automobile</a> series</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> and<br> rotating assembly</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Balance_shaft" title="Balance shaft">Balance shaft</a></li>

<li><a href="Block_heater" title="Block heater">Block heater</a></li>

<li><a href="Connecting_rod" title="Connecting rod">Connecting rod</a></li>

<li><a href="Crankcase" title="Crankcase">Crankcase</a></li>

<li><a href="Crankcase_ventilation_system" title="Crankcase ventilation system">Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)</a></li>

<li><a href="Crankpin" title="Crankpin">Crankpin</a></li>

<li><a href="Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">Crankshaft</a></li>

<li><a href="Core_plug" title="Core plug">Core plug (freeze plug)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">Cylinder</a> (<a href="Cylinder_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylinder bank">bank</a>, <a href="Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">layout</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Engine_displacement" title="Engine displacement">Displacement</a></li>

<li><a href="Flywheel" title="Flywheel">Flywheel</a></li>

<li><a href="Firing_order" title="Firing order">Firing order</a></li>

<li><a href="Stroke_(engine)" title="Stroke (engine)">Stroke</a></li>

<li><a href="Main_bearing" title="Main bearing">Main bearing</a></li>

<li><a href="Piston" title="Piston">Piston</a></li>

<li><a href="Piston_ring" title="Piston ring">Piston ring</a></li>

<li><a href="Starter_ring_gear" title="Starter ring gear">Starter ring gear</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Valvetrain" title="Valvetrain">Valvetrain</a> and<br> <a href="Cylinder_head" title="Cylinder head">Cylinder head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Flathead_engine" title="Flathead engine">Flathead layout</a></li>

<li><a href="Overhead_camshaft_engine" title="Overhead camshaft engine">Overhead camshaft layout</a></li>

<li><a href="Overhead_valve_engine" title="Overhead valve engine">Overhead valve (pushrod) layout</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Tappet" title="Tappet">Tappet / lifter</a></li>

<li><a href="Camshaft" title="Camshaft">Camshaft</a></li>

<li><a href="Chest_(mechanical_engineering)" title="Chest (mechanical engineering)">Chest</a></li>

<li><a href="Combustion_chamber" title="Combustion chamber">Combustion chamber</a></li>

<li><a href="Compression_ratio" title="Compression ratio">Compression ratio</a></li>

<li><a href="Head_gasket" title="Head gasket">Head gasket</a></li>

<li><a href="Rocker_arm" title="Rocker arm">Rocker arm</a></li>

<li><a href="Timing_belt_(camshaft)" title="Timing belt (camshaft)">Timing belt</a></li>

<li><a href="Poppet_valve" title="Poppet valve">Valve</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Forced_induction" title="Forced induction">Forced induction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Blowoff_valve" title="Blowoff valve">Blowoff valve</a></li>

<li><a href="Boost_controller" title="Boost controller">Boost controller</a></li>

<li><a href="Intercooler" title="Intercooler">Intercooler</a></li>

<li><a href="Supercharger" title="Supercharger">Supercharger</a></li>

<li><a href="Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">Turbocharger</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fuel system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">Diesel engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">Petrol engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Carburetor" title="Carburetor">Carburetor</a></li>

<li><a href="Fuel_filter" title="Fuel filter">Fuel filter</a></li>

<li><a href="Fuel_injection" title="Fuel injection">Fuel injection</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ignition_system" title="Ignition system">Ignition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ignition_magneto" title="Ignition magneto">Magneto</a></li>

<li><a href="Compression_ignition" class="mw-redirect" title="Compression ignition">Compression ignition</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributor" title="Distributor">Distributor</a></li>

<li><a href="Ignition_coil" title="Ignition coil">Ignition coil</a></li>

<li><a href="Spark_plug" title="Spark plug">Spark plug</a></li>

<li><a href="Spark_plug_wires" title="Spark plug wires">Spark plug wires</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Engine management</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Engine_control_unit" title="Engine control unit">Engine control unit (ECU)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Electrical system</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alternator_(automotive)" title="Alternator (automotive)">Alternator</a></li>

<li><a href="Automotive_battery" title="Automotive battery">Battery</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamo" title="Dynamo">Dynamo</a></li>

<li><a href="Starter_(engine)" title="Starter (engine)">Starter motor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intake system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Airbox" title="Airbox">Airbox</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_filter#Internal_combustion_engine_air_filters" title="Air filter">Air filter</a></li>

<li><a href="Idle_air_control_actuator" title="Idle air control actuator">Idle air control actuator</a></li>

<li><a href="Inlet_manifold" title="Inlet manifold">Inlet manifold</a></li>

<li><a href="MAP_sensor" title="MAP sensor">MAP sensor</a></li>

<li><a href="Mass_flow_sensor" title="Mass flow sensor">MAF sensor</a></li>

<li><a href="Throttle" title="Throttle">Throttle</a></li>

<li><a href="Throttle_position_sensor" title="Throttle position sensor">Throttle position sensor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Exhaust_system" title="Exhaust system">Exhaust system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Catalytic_converter" title="Catalytic converter">Catalytic converter</a></li>

<li><a href="Diesel_particulate_filter" title="Diesel particulate filter">Diesel particulate filter</a></li>

<li><a href="Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge" title="Exhaust gas temperature gauge">EGT sensor</a></li>

<li><a href="Exhaust_manifold" title="Exhaust manifold">Exhaust manifold</a></li>

<li><a href="Muffler" title="Muffler">Muffler</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxygen_sensor#Automotive_applications" title="Oxygen sensor">Oxygen sensor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Internal_combustion_engine_cooling" title="Internal combustion engine cooling">Cooling system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Air_cooling" title="Air cooling">Air cooling</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_cooling" title="Water cooling">Water cooling</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Fan_(machine)" title="Fan (machine)">Electric fan</a></li>

<li><a href="Radiator_(engine_cooling)" title="Radiator (engine cooling)">Radiator</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermostat" title="Thermostat">Thermostat</a></li>

<li><a href="Fan_clutch" title="Fan clutch">Viscous fan (fan clutch)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lubrication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Oil_filter" title="Oil filter">Oil filter</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Engine_knocking" title="Engine knocking">Knocking / pinging</a></li>

<li><a href="Power_band" title="Power band">Power band</a></li>

<li><a href="Redline" title="Redline">Redline</a></li>

<li><a href="Stratified_charge_engine" title="Stratified charge engine">Stratified charge</a></li>

<li><a href="Dead_centre_(engineering)" title="Dead centre (engineering)">Top dead centre</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Portal%3ACars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li>

<li>Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-28" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Engine_block&oldid=1292783737">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>